I might contest the "caused the 2008 crash" denial. Not wholly at fault no, but contributory for sure. The failure of regulation in uk banks was fairly central to the crash allowing the aggregation of toxic debt and fundamental mismanagement to go unchecked. The power to regulate the financial sector lies centrally in brussels and the regulation of uk and cross border eu banks was woeful. Yes its a bank of england responsibility but they cannot move without central eu say so.

Look at the insurance industry solvency 2 regulations - first espoused in the late 1990s I think: finally in force 2016 as the eu considered this that and everything, consulted widely contemplated their navels etc. Fortunately Rome didnt burn as they ceaselessly fiddled but it could easily have done. Reactive not proactive, slow cumbersome and ineffective....