Lawful immigration (as opposed to those seeking asylum) is controlled by a set of agreed and well-established processes and procedures (such as those seeking to study (the largest body of those seeking to migrate to the UK) and whilst there may be political disagreement as to whether those processes and procedures are adequate, they ARE in place and established in large part by parliamentary statute, aka, the Law.
Those using the small boat route are largely illegal immigrants, applying the tests that the legal immigration process imposes), simply because, for those whose nationality can be established, they originate in countries where no such immigration is allowed without the application for, and granting of, the relevant visas.
As examples;
8% of asylum applications in 2021 were from those originating in Albania
4% of such applications were from those from India or Pakistan
5% of applications were from those from Bangladesh, Ethiopia and Nigeria
So, whilst I wouldn't argue that any of the countries mentioned are exactly paradise, they don't currently have the kind of internal "situation" that exists in (for instance) Iran or Iraq (combined 32%), or Syria and Afghanistan (12%). Why do Albanians destroy their passports (as has been evidenced) and seek to gain entry to the UK as a child when actually a man (as has happened and the person involved went on to murder a trainee Royal Marine). I know exceptions don't make for good law, and I'm not suggesting that example should, but there are at least as many "suspect" asylum claims as genuine ones, and prevention of such would allow the authorities to process genuine ones more quickly, to the benefit of all.
Take the 17% away from those remaining (and even then there are smaller numbers from places where there is no clear and present danger to individuals from the state) and the remaining number becomes more manageable.
By the way, those stats come from here;
https://migrationobservatory.ox.ac.u...the-uk-asylum/
Not a government spin doctor.
We have to start somewhere, and simply because we weren't so good in the past shouldn't prevent us from being better (in all ways) in the future